Abstract:

Medicine is ever changing, as is the discipline of surgery. During the last decade, surgery has experienced a technological renaissance driven primarily by the desire to provide patients less invasive surgical treatments with shorter operating times, hospital stays, and recuperative periods. Many traditional open surgical procedures are now being replaced with endoscopic and laparoscopic techniques. 1,2 As these minimally invasive techniques become sublimated in medical practice, the quest to develop truly noninvasive techniques continues in many medical specialties.

Authors:

John B. Adams II, M.D., Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA; Robert G. Moore, M.D., Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD; Kenneth W. Marich, M.S., M.B.A., Auburn University, Auburn, AL

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