Abstract:

Endoscopic surgery has led to changes in surgical practice which may rival the introduction of anesthesia and antibiotics in significance. As a result, an exciting synergy has rapidly emerged between technology and clinical practice. However, questions of training, credentialing, and patient safety have been raised as traditional procedures have been adapted to the minimally invasive approach and new ones are described. Many surgeons have been reluctant to venture beyond laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Halting first efforts at advanced procedures may prolong operative times, increase risk, and raise costs. Older methods of surgical education are not adequate to meet the current need

Authors:

Peter M. N. Y. H. Go, M.D., Ph.D., St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands; John H. Payne, Jr., M.D., F.A.C.S., Kaiser Foundation Hospital, Honolulu, HI; COL. Richard M. Satava, M.D., F.A.C.S., Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Alexandria, VA; James C. Rosser, M.D., F.A.C.S., Yale University, New Haven, CT

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